bft-crdt-experiment/examples/cross_chain_relay.rs

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};

/// Represents a blockchain identifier
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ChainId(pub String);

/// A message being relayed between chains
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct CrossChainMessage {
    /// Unique identifier for this message
    pub id: String,
    /// Source blockchain
    pub source_chain: ChainId,
    /// Destination blockchain
    pub dest_chain: ChainId,
    /// Block height on source chain when message was created
    pub source_block: u64,
    /// Nonce for ordering messages from same block
    pub nonce: u64,
    /// The actual message payload
    pub payload: Vec<u8>,
    /// Timestamp when message was created
    pub timestamp: u64,
    /// Signatures from source chain validators
    pub validator_signatures: Vec<ValidatorSignature>,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct ValidatorSignature {
    pub validator_id: String,
    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
}

/// CRDT structure for accumulating cross-chain messages
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct CrossChainRelayCRDT {
    /// All messages seen by this node
    messages: HashMap<String, CrossChainMessage>,
    /// Track which messages have been delivered to which chains
    deliveries: HashMap<ChainId, HashSet<String>>,
    /// Byzantine fault detection - track conflicting messages
    conflicts: HashMap<String, Vec<CrossChainMessage>>,
}

impl CrossChainRelayCRDT {
    pub fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            messages: HashMap::new(),
            deliveries: HashMap::new(),
            conflicts: HashMap::new(),
        }
    }

    /// Add a new message to the CRDT
    pub fn add_message(&mut self, message: CrossChainMessage) -> Result<(), String> {
        // Verify the message has enough validator signatures
        if !self.verify_signatures(&message) {
            return Err("Insufficient valid signatures".to_string());
        }

        // Check for Byzantine behavior - same ID but different content
        if let Some(existing) = self.messages.get(&message.id) {
            if !self.messages_equal(existing, &message) {
                self.conflicts
                    .entry(message.id.clone())
                    .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
                    .push(message.clone());
                return Err("Conflicting message detected".to_string());
            }
        }

        // Add the message
        self.messages.insert(message.id.clone(), message);
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Merge another CRDT instance into this one
    pub fn merge(&mut self, other: &CrossChainRelayCRDT) {
        // Merge messages
        for (id, message) in &other.messages {
            if !self.messages.contains_key(id) {
                let _ = self.add_message(message.clone());
            }
        }

        // Merge delivery tracking
        for (chain, delivered) in &other.deliveries {
            self.deliveries
                .entry(chain.clone())
                .or_insert_with(HashSet::new)
                .extend(delivered.clone());
        }

        // Merge conflict tracking
        for (id, conflicts) in &other.conflicts {
            self.conflicts
                .entry(id.clone())
                .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
                .extend(conflicts.clone());
        }
    }

    /// Get all messages destined for a specific chain that haven't been delivered yet
    pub fn get_pending_messages(&self, dest_chain: &ChainId) -> Vec<&CrossChainMessage> {
        let delivered = self.deliveries.get(dest_chain).cloned().unwrap_or_default();

        let mut pending: Vec<&CrossChainMessage> = self
            .messages
            .values()
            .filter(|msg| msg.dest_chain == *dest_chain && !delivered.contains(&msg.id))
            .collect();

        // Sort by source block height, then nonce for deterministic ordering
        pending.sort_by(|a, b| {
            a.source_block
                .cmp(&b.source_block)
                .then(a.nonce.cmp(&b.nonce))
        });

        pending
    }

    /// Mark messages as delivered to a chain
    pub fn mark_delivered(&mut self, chain: &ChainId, message_ids: Vec<String>) {
        let delivered = self
            .deliveries
            .entry(chain.clone())
            .or_insert_with(HashSet::new);
        delivered.extend(message_ids);
    }

    /// Get messages within a time window (for oracle-like use cases)
    pub fn get_messages_in_window(
        &self,
        chain: &ChainId,
        start_time: u64,
        end_time: u64,
    ) -> Vec<&CrossChainMessage> {
        self.messages
            .values()
            .filter(|msg| {
                msg.dest_chain == *chain && msg.timestamp >= start_time && msg.timestamp <= end_time
            })
            .collect()
    }

    /// Verify validator signatures (simplified - real implementation would check against validator set)
    fn verify_signatures(&self, message: &CrossChainMessage) -> bool {
        // In real implementation:
        // 1. Get validator set for source chain at source block height
        // 2. Verify each signature
        // 3. Check if we have enough stake represented

        // For now, just check we have at least 2 signatures
        message.validator_signatures.len() >= 2
    }

    fn messages_equal(&self, a: &CrossChainMessage, b: &CrossChainMessage) -> bool {
        a.source_chain == b.source_chain
            && a.dest_chain == b.dest_chain
            && a.source_block == b.source_block
            && a.nonce == b.nonce
            && a.payload == b.payload
    }
}

/// Example: Oracle price aggregation use case
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct PriceOracleMessage {
    pub oracle_id: String,
    pub asset_pair: String,
    pub price: u128,
    pub confidence: u8,
}

impl CrossChainRelayCRDT {
    /// Aggregate oracle prices from messages in a time window
    pub fn aggregate_oracle_prices(
        &self,
        dest_chain: &ChainId,
        asset_pair: &str,
        time_window: u64,
    ) -> Option<u128> {
        let now = SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();
        let messages = self.get_messages_in_window(dest_chain, now - time_window, now);

        let mut prices = Vec::new();

        for msg in messages {
            if let Ok(oracle_msg) = serde_json::from_slice::<PriceOracleMessage>(&msg.payload) {
                if oracle_msg.asset_pair == asset_pair {
                    prices.push(oracle_msg.price);
                }
            }
        }

        if prices.is_empty() {
            return None;
        }

        // Calculate median price
        prices.sort();
        Some(prices[prices.len() / 2])
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_cross_chain_relay() {
        let mut relay1 = CrossChainRelayCRDT::new();
        let mut relay2 = CrossChainRelayCRDT::new();

        let ethereum = ChainId("ethereum".to_string());
        let polygon = ChainId("polygon".to_string());

        // Create a message from Ethereum to Polygon
        let message = CrossChainMessage {
            id: "msg1".to_string(),
            source_chain: ethereum.clone(),
            dest_chain: polygon.clone(),
            source_block: 1000,
            nonce: 1,
            payload: b"transfer:100:USDC:0x123...".to_vec(),
            timestamp: 1234567890,
            validator_signatures: vec![
                ValidatorSignature {
                    validator_id: "val1".to_string(),
                    signature: vec![1, 2, 3],
                },
                ValidatorSignature {
                    validator_id: "val2".to_string(),
                    signature: vec![4, 5, 6],
                },
            ],
        };

        // Add to first relay
        relay1.add_message(message.clone()).unwrap();

        // Get pending messages for Polygon
        let pending = relay1.get_pending_messages(&polygon);
        assert_eq!(pending.len(), 1);

        // Merge relay1 into relay2
        relay2.merge(&relay1);

        // Both should now have the same message
        assert_eq!(relay2.get_pending_messages(&polygon).len(), 1);

        // Mark as delivered
        relay2.mark_delivered(&polygon, vec!["msg1".to_string()]);
        assert_eq!(relay2.get_pending_messages(&polygon).len(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_oracle_aggregation() {
        let mut relay = CrossChainRelayCRDT::new();
        let ethereum = ChainId("ethereum".to_string());
        let now = SystemTime::now()
            .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
            .unwrap()
            .as_secs();

        // Add price submissions from multiple oracles
        for i in 0..5 {
            let price_msg = PriceOracleMessage {
                oracle_id: format!("oracle{}", i),
                asset_pair: "ETH/USD".to_string(),
                price: 2000 + (i as u128 * 10), // Prices: 2000, 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040
                confidence: 95,
            };

            let message = CrossChainMessage {
                id: format!("price{}", i),
                source_chain: ChainId(format!("oracle{}", i)),
                dest_chain: ethereum.clone(),
                source_block: 1000,
                nonce: i as u64,
                payload: serde_json::to_vec(&price_msg).unwrap(),
                timestamp: now - 30, // 30 seconds ago
                validator_signatures: vec![
                    ValidatorSignature {
                        validator_id: "val1".to_string(),
                        signature: vec![1, 2, 3],
                    },
                    ValidatorSignature {
                        validator_id: "val2".to_string(),
                        signature: vec![4, 5, 6],
                    },
                ],
            };

            relay.add_message(message).unwrap();
        }

        // Aggregate prices from last minute
        let median_price = relay
            .aggregate_oracle_prices(&ethereum, "ETH/USD", 60)
            .unwrap();
        assert_eq!(median_price, 2020); // Median of 2000, 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040
    }
}